Every cylinder has two inlet and two exhaust valves as well as two chain-driven overhead camshafts. The compression ratio reaches from 16.5:1 to 18.0:1, M57 engines with higher power output and more than one turbocharger have a lower compression ratio. The 2.5L M57TÜ uses a Garrett GT2056V turbocharger, the 3.0L M57TÜ a Garrett GT2260V turbocharger, the M57TÜ2 a Garrett GT2260VK turbocharger, whilst the M57D30TÜTOP sports a BorgWarner KP39 high-pressure and a K26 low-pressure turbocharger.
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The 2.9L M57, which is found in E39 530d and E38 730d, as well as early models of E46 330d and E53 X5, is equipped with one Garrett GT2556V turbocharger. All models are equipped with turbocharger and an intercooler. The common-rail-system is made by Bosch and also controlled by a Bosch DDE 4 ECU for non TÜ and DDE 5 ECU for TÜ. For fuel injection, magnetic injectors are used, except from the TÜ2 OL and TOP engines, which make use of piezo injectors. The injection pressure is 1,350 bar (19,600 psi) in the non TÜ engine, whilst all other engines use a pressure of 1,600 bar (23,000 psi). The combustion chamber was also changed in the TÜ2. The block and the crankcase of the first M57 engines and the TÜ ( Technische Überarbeitung = revision) engines are made of cast iron, whilst the TÜ2 engines are made of aluminium instead. It was revised twice during its production time.
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The M57 is a water-cooled and turbocharged inline six cylinder diesel engine with common-rail-injection.